A recent study highlights that Central Asia has surpassed critical environmental safety thresholds, particularly in terms of land use and biosphere integrity. Led by Professor Duan Weili of the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, the research offers a detailed sustainability evaluation and identifies Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan as key areas requiring immediate environmental intervention.
As one of the world’s largest arid zones, Central Asia is under increasing ecological strain. Rapid population growth is driving up the demand for water and energy, placing the region on the brink—or already beyond—the threshold of absolute environmental sustainability.
To assess this strain, the researchers applied a framework that merges environmental footprints with downscaled planetary boundaries, analyzing data from 2000 to 2020. Six indicators were evaluated: water footprint, carbon footprint, nitrogen footprint, phosphorus footprint, land footprint, and the human appropriation of net primary production (HANPP).
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Published in Earth’s Future, the study reveals that Central Asia’s land footprint and HANPP have far exceeded their safe limits. This situation is described as one of “extreme absolute unsustainability,” signaling a dangerous trajectory in the region’s land use and ecological consumption.
According to lead author Zhu Ziyang, “Central Asia’s environmental pressure mainly stems from its domestic consumption.” This finding points to the urgent need for focused policies, such as enhancing irrigation systems and implementing science-based land management practices, to bring development back within safe boundaries.
The researchers advocate for improved resource efficiency and stronger international collaboration. The adoption of advanced technologies like drip irrigation and sustainable grazing methods could play a vital role in reversing environmental decline.
This study offers a roadmap for Central Asia to transition toward a more sustainable and resilient future.